Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature, weather patterns, and environmental conditions, primarily caused by human activities. The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes release greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere, trapping heat and driving global warming. Effects include rising sea levels, melting glaciers, more frequent extreme weather events, and disruptions to ecosystems. Climate change threatens biodiversity, food security, and human health. Mitigation efforts focus on reducing emissions through renewable energy, conservation, and sustainable practices, while adaptation strategies aim to manage its impacts. Global cooperation is essential to address this urgent crisis.